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TEHRAN, Iran , Jul 19 (AP) \u2014 Russian President Vladimir Putin arrived Tuesday in Iran for a visit intended to deepen ties with regional heavyweights as part of Moscow\u2019s challenge to the United States and Europe amid its grinding campaign in Ukraine.<\/p>\n
In only his second trip abroad since Russian tanks rolled into its neighbor in February, Putin is scheduled to hold talks with Iran\u2019s President Ebrahim Raisi and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan about the pressing issues facing the region, including the conflict in Syria and a U.N.-backed proposal to resume exports of Ukrainian grain to ease the global food crisis.<\/p>\n
As the West heaps sanctions on Russia and the costly campaign drags on, Putin is seeking to bolster ties with Tehran, a fellow target of severe U.S. sanctions and a potential military and trade partner. In recent weeks, Russian officials visited an airfield in central Iran at least twice to review Tehran\u2019s weapons-capable drones for possible use in Ukraine, the White House has alleged.<\/p>\n
Iran rolled out a long red carpet for Putin at Tehran\u2019s Mehrabad airport, where Iranian Oil Minister Javad Owji greeted him warmly before he was whisked into his presidential convoy to the city.<\/p>\n
But perhaps most crucially, the Tehran trip offers Putin a chance for a high-stakes meeting with Erdogan, who has sought to help broker talks on a peaceful settlement of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, as well as help negotiations to unblock Ukrainian grain through the Black Sea.<\/p>\n
Turkey, a NATO member, has found itself opposite Russia in bloody conflicts in Azerbaijan, Libya and Syria. It has even sold lethal drones that Ukrainian forces have used to attack Russian troops. But Turkey hasn\u2019t imposed sanctions on the Kremlin, making it a sorely needed partner for Moscow. Grappling with runaway inflation and a rapidly depreciating currency, Turkey also relies on the Russian market.<\/p>\n
The gathering has symbolic meaning for Putin\u2019s domestic audience as well, showing off Russia\u2019s international clout even as it grows increasingly isolated and plunges deeper into confrontation with the West. It comes just days after U.S. President Joe Biden\u2019s visited Israel and Saudi Arabia \u2014 Tehran\u2019s primary rivals.<\/p>\n
From Jerusalem and Jeddah, Biden urged Israel and Arab countries to push back on Russian, Chinese and Iranian influence that has expanded with the perception of America\u2019s retreat from the region.<\/p>\n
It was a tough sell. Israel maintains good relations with Putin, a necessity given Russian presence in Syria, Israel\u2019s northeastern neighbor and frequent target of its airstrikes. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have declined to pump more oil beyond a plan approved by their energy alliance with Moscow.<\/p>\n
But all the countries \u2014 despite their long-standing rivalries \u2014 could agree on drawing closer to counter Iran, which has rapidly advanced its nuclear program since former U.S. President Donald Trump abandoned Tehran\u2019s atomic accord with world powers and reimposed crushing sanctions. Talks to restore the deal have hit a deadlock.<\/p>\n
Backed into a corner by the West and its regional rivals, the Iranian government is ramping up uranium enrichment, cracking down on dissent and grabbing headlines with optimistic, hard-line stances intended to keep the Iranian currency, the rial, from crashing. Without sanctions relief in sight, Iran\u2019s tactical partnership with Russia has become one of survival, even as Moscow appears to be undercutting Tehran in the black market oil trade.<\/p>\n
\u201cIran is (the) center of dynamic diplomacy,\u201d Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amirabdollahian wrote on Twitter, adding the meetings will \u201cdevelop economic cooperation, focus on security of the region … and ensure food security.\u201d<\/p>\n
Fadahossein Maleki, a member of the Iranian parliament\u2019s influential committee on national security and foreign policy, described Russia as Iran\u2019s \u201cmost strategic partner\u201d on Monday. His comments belied decades of animosity stemming from Russia\u2019s occupation of Iran during World War II \u2014 and its refusal to leave afterward.<\/p>\n
In his fifth visit to Tehran, Putin will meet Iran\u2019s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, with whom he has a \u201ctrusting dialogue,\u201d Putin\u2019s foreign affairs adviser Yuri Ushakov said. He will also hold talks with President Raisi on issues including Tehran\u2019s nuclear deal, of which Russia is a key signatory. The leaders met in Moscow in January and again last month in Turkmenistan.<\/p>\n
The focus of the talks among the three presidents will be the decade-old conflict in Syria, where Iran and Russia have backed President Bashar Assad\u2019s government, while Turkey has supported armed opposition factions. Russia intervened in the conflict in 2015, pooling efforts with Iranian forces and using its air power to shore up Assad\u2019s fledgling military.<\/p>\n
Ushakov said the parties will discuss efforts to encourage a political settlement, while Erdogan is expected to take up Turkey\u2019s threats of a new military offensive in northern Syria to drive away U.S.-backed Syrian Kurdish fighters from its borders. The operation is part of Turkey\u2019s plan to create a safe zone along its border with Syria that would encourage the voluntary return of Syrian refugees.<\/p>\n
In a meeting with Erdogan, Khamenei delivered a stern warning against the planned Turkish incursion.<\/p>\n
\u201cAny sort of military attack in northern Syria will definitely harm Turkey, Syria and the entire region, and will benefit terrorists,\u201d Iran\u2019s top leader said, stressing the need to \u201cbring the issue to an end through talks.\u201d<\/p>\n
Iran and Turkey signed a raft of preliminary agreements covering investment, diplomacy, media and business, among other fields, and pledged to triple bilateral trade, to $30 billion. Raisi praised Erdogan\u2019s visit as a \u201cturning point\u201d in their relations.<\/p>\n
In his speech, Erdogan called for solidarity in the fight against Kurdish militant groups as well as a network led by a U.S.-based Muslim cleric whom Ankara accuses of orchestrating a failed coup in 2016.<\/p>\n
\u201cThey are nuisances that disrupt the calm of the countries where they are present,\u201d he said. \u201cWe need to continue to lead a struggle against them.\u201d<\/p>\n
Humanitarian issues in Syria have also come into focus since Russia used its veto power at the U.N. Security Council last week to force a restriction in aid deliveries to 4.1 million people in Syria\u2019s rebel-held northwest after six months, instead of a year.<\/p>\n
Talks to lift a Russian blockade and get Ukraine\u2019s grain into global markets will also be on the agenda. Last week, U.N., Russian, Ukrainian and Turkish officials reached a tentative agreement on some aspects of a deal to ensure the export of 22 million tons of desperately needed grain and other agricultural products trapped in Ukraine\u2019s Black Sea ports by the fighting.<\/p>\n
Tuesday\u2019s meeting between Putin and Erdogan could help clear the remaining hurdles, a major step toward alleviating a food crisis that has sent prices of vital commodities like wheat and barley soaring.<\/p>\n
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