Editor,
The Arunachal Pradesh Freedom of Religion Act (APFRA), 1978, has become a topic of heated debate in the state. Thousands of Christians are protesting against it, saying that it violates their right to religious freedom. On the other hand, many indigenous groups support the Act, believing that it protects their traditional faiths from outside influence. This situation has created a divide in public opinion, with both sides strongly defending their views.
The Act was introduced to prevent forced or fraudulent religious conversions. It states that anyone who wishes to change their religion must inform the district administration in advance. It also punishes those who try to convert others using force, fraud, or inducement. While the law does not directly ban conversions, it puts a process in place to regulate them.
Christian groups argue that this Act goes against Article 25 of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees freedom of religion. They believe that forcing people to report their religious conversion to the government interferes with their personal choice. Many also fear that the law might be misused to target specific communities. Because of these concerns, large-scale protests are happening across the state, with demands for the law to be repealed or amended.
Indigenous communities, however, see the Act as a way to protect their traditional faiths. Arunachal Pradesh has a strong history of indigenous religions like Donyi-Polo, Rangfraa, and Amik Matai. Many believe that mass conversions are causing their traditions to fade away. They argue that the Act helps maintain their cultural identity by ensuring that conversions are not done under pressure or manipulation.
While religious freedom is a fundamental right, preserving the indigenous cultures is equally important. Protecting traditions should not be limited to celebrating festivals with VIP entry and Ponung performances. True preservation means keeping ethnic dialects alive, writing books on mythologies and folklores, promoting folksongs, normalising ethnic attire like the galuk/galup, jete, and traditional headgear, and researching our history beyond present-day borders. These efforts should be a long-term commitment, ensuring that future generations remain connected to their roots.
At the same time, it is important to recognise that religion is a personal choice, while ethnicity is something we are born into. Indigenous faith holders have every right to protect their culture, but they should also respect those who have humbly accepted Christianity by their own understanding. Coexistence is key to maintaining a peaceful and harmonious society. After all, both indigenous traditions and Christianity propagate humanity and faith in the unseen. That is why it is called ‘biswas’ – because faith is personal and everyone has their own.
The debate over this law is not just about legal rules but also about identity, culture, and belief. It is important to handle it with care and respect for everyone’s views. Arunachal is known for its diversity, and peaceful dialogue is the best way forward.
Topó Jon Pêbi Paksók